Tilenga / Kingfisher Oil Fields and East African Crude Oil Pipeline
Location:
Lake Albert & Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda to Tanga, TanzaniaProject risks:
Conflict/Violence, Environmental Destruction, Litigation, Social HarmCompanies:
TotalEnergies and CNOOC are sensing big money in Uganda. The companies want to produce oil in the country, and pump it all the way through savannahs, swamps and tropical forests to the Tanzanian coast. To make space for the wells and the pipeline, TotalEnergies and CNOOC are forcing more than 100,000 people off their lands.[1] At the same time, the oil giants are destroying the homes of elephants, lions, leopards, and giraffes.
Tilenga & Kingfisher Oil Fields
CNOOC and TotalEnergies want to extract oil in the Tilenga and Kingfisher oil fields in north-western Uganda. These oil fields lie underneath farmland, lakes and the Murchison Falls National Park.[2] The Murchison Falls National Park is a sanctuary for iconic and threatened animals. Lions and leopards lurk through the savannah and elephants walk the grasslands.[3] The Park is one of the last places on Earth where Nubian giraffes, a critically endangered giraffe species, are gazing across the thicket.[4] The Nile River also flows through the Murchison Falls Park; its riverbanks are a resting place for more than 450 bird species.[5] The Murchison Falls National Park is the oldest and biggest natural protected area in Uganda and a candidate to become a UNESCO biosphere reserve.[6][7] In this Park alone, TotalEnergies and CNOOC want to drill 132 oil wells.[8]
The foreign companies are blind to what the Murchison Falls National Park stands to lose. In the heart of the Park, CNOOC and TotalEnergies are building drilling sites, access roads, and a network of pipelines. This infrastructure is cutting through the animals’ hunting and breeding grounds creating barriers.[9] In some parts of the Park, the companies’ heavy machinery is so loud that it chases animals away.[10] Conservation organizations have even started to evacuate Nubian giraffe herds to save them from the dirt and noise of the oil companies.12361
Outside the Murchison Falls National Park, TotalEnergies and CNOOC’s oil megaproject is spreading across people’s fields and farms. For the Tilenga oil site alone, TotalEnergies is forcing more than 31,000 people off their lands and they have no say in this.[12] It took the company more than two years to hand out compensation to those already forcibly displaced for the central processing facility. Those who must leave to make space for Tilenga have been awaiting compensation for years, although the oil companies have already taken their lands.[13] Without farmland or compensation, people can no longer grow the crops that once brought them a meagre income. Many people are struggling to pay for medicine and their children’s school fees.[14] Others no longer know how to afford the next meal for their families.[15]
East African Crude Oil Pipeline
To move the oil out of the landlocked Uganda, CNOOC and TotalEnergies want to build the 1,445 km (898 mi) East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP). EACOP would run all the way through Uganda and Tanzania to the Indian Ocean Port of Tanga. From there, the oil would be shipped out into the world.
On its way to the Tanzanian coast, EACOP would run through forests, savannahs and swamps. A 30-meter-wide (98 ft) pipeline corridor, cleared of houses and trees, would crisscross countless nature reserves. EACOP would scatter the natural homes of chimpanzees, lions, buffalos, zebras, antelopes, elephants, and migratory birds. If the pipeline is completed and reaches the Tanzanian coast, oil tankers would steer through mangrove swamps and coral reefs to export the oil.[16]
TotalEnergies and CNOOC have planned the pipeline in a way that would force tens of thousands of farmers and families off their land. EACOP would cut through 178 Ugandan and 231 Tanzanian villages and invade the lands of more than 86,000 people.[18][19] As for Tilenga, the affected people have no say in this. If they don’t make space for EACOP voluntarily, the oil giants’ subcontractors will intimidate and threaten the people to make them leave.[20][21]
Bill McKibben, an American environmentalist, author and co-founder of international environmental organization 350.org said,
“The proposed route looks almost as if it were drawn to endanger as many animals as possible.” [17]
Those who dare to stand up against CNOOC and TotalEnergies are risking increasing threats and harassment. After the farmer Fred Mwesigwa came to France on the occasion of a court hearing against TotalEnergies in 2019, unknown men tried to break into his home and locked him into his house with padlocks.[22] The community leader Jelousy Mugisha also spoke out against TotalEnergies during the same visit in Paris.[23] As soon as he arrived back in Uganda, the police arrested him and questioned him for nearly 9 hours.[24] In September 2020, the Ugandan police arrested three journalists and six environmental defenders to silence their protest.[25] Half a year later in May 2021, the Ugandan police arrested the human rights activist Maxwell Atuhura and the journalist Federica Marsi. They were on their way to talk to people who are suffering the effects of the oil project, but they never arrived.[26] In February 2022, unknown persons with guns broke into the office of Community Transformation Foundation Network (COTFONE), a Ugandan human rights organization that helps those affected by EACOP.12351 The gunmen stole files that contained testimonies on the impacts of the EACOP project which were intended for the court.12351
Under Fire
TotalEnergies is no longer getting away with this. Ugandan and French organizations have taken the oil giant to court in France for breaching the “duty of vigilance” law. This law binds TotalEnergies, its subsidiaries and subcontractors to prevent human rights violations and environmental damages wherever the company is operating.[27] The organizations are convinced that TotalEnergies is totally breaching this law with its dirty project in Uganda and Tanzania.[28][29] Four organizations from Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania are also challenging the EACOP project before the East African Court of Justice.12353
CNOOC and TotalEnergies are feeling the heat of widespread resistance from all over the world. More than 260 civil society organizations are demanding a stop to EACOP.12355 They have called on international banks and insurers to refrain from supporting it. Worldwide, over one million people have signed a petition to stop the oil drilling in Uganda and EACOP.[30] The Vatican and Pope Francis support their mission to stop EACOP.12357 Even four United Nations Special Rapporteurs have confronted TotalEnergies about the human rights violations in Uganda and Tanzania.[31]
Some of the world’s largest banks and insurance companies have already ruled out support for EACOP, a project they are calling “too hard to defend”.[32] Among them are BNP Paribas, Société Générale, Crédit Agricole, Barclays, Credit Suisse, ANZ, UniCredit, Mizuho and AXA.[33]12359 But all of them continue to support the companies behind this megaproject: CNOOC and TotalEnergies.
Check out the video:
Groups like Friends of the Earth France are spreading the word on the disastrous effects of Total's and CNOOC's project in Uganda and Tanzania.
Groups working on Tilenga/Kingfisher/East African Crude Oil Pipeline: African Institute for Energy Governance (AFIEGO), National Association of Professional Environmentalists/Friends of the Earth Uganda (NAPE), Civic Response on Environment and Development (CRED), Navigators of Development Association (NAVODA), Community Transformation Foundation Network (COTFONE), Center for Food and Adequate Living Rights (CEFROHT), Centre for Citizens Conserving Envivronment & Management (CECIC), Avaaz Uganda, Les Amis de la Terre France (Friends of the Earth France), Survie, International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), Oxfam, Global Rights Alert, Northern Coalition on Extractives and Environment, IUCN Netherlands, BankTrack, Both Ends, Just Share, Inclusive Development International, Global Catholic Climate Movement, Extinction Rebellion South Africa, 350 Africa
